Here are the 16 critical competencies that distinguish good leaders from exceptional leaders. These 16 competencies are ones that should be built into any selection process.
Use these when interviewing candidates to assess leadership strength.
The Sixteen --
Living by personal conviction means you know and are in touch with your values and beliefs, are not afraid to take a lonely or unpopular stance if necessary, are comfortable in tough situations, can be relied upon in tense circumstances, are clear about where you stand, and will face difficult challenges with poise and self-assurance.
Possessing emotional intelligence means you recognize personal strengths and weaknesses; see the linkages between feelings and behaviors; manage impulsive feelings and distressing emotions; are attentive to emotional cues; show sensitivity and respect for others; challenge bias and intolerance; collaborate and share; are an open communicator; and can handle conflict, difficult people, and tense situations effectively. Emotional intelligence may often be labeled EQ, or emotional intelligence quotient.
Being visionary means that you see the future clearly, anticipate large-scale and local changes that will affect the organization and its environment, are able to project the organization into the future and envision multiple potential scenarios/outcomes, have a broad way of looking at trends, and are able to design competitive strategies and plans based on future possibilities.
Communicating vision means that you distill complex strategies into a compelling call to march, inspire and help others see a core reason for the organization to make change, talk beyond the day-to-day tactical matters that face the organization, show confidence and optimism about the future state of the organization, and engage other to join in.
Earning loyalty and trust means you are a direct and truthful person; are willing to admit mistakes; are sincerely interested in the concerns of others; show empathy and a generally helpful orientation toward others; follow promises with actions; maintain confidences and disclose information ethically and appropriately; and conduct work in open; transparent ways.
Listening like you mean it means you maintain a calm, easy-to-approach demeanor; are patient, open minded, and willing to hear people out; understand others and pick up the meaning or their messages; are warm, gracious, and inviting; build strong rapport; see through the words that others express to the real meaning (i.e., cut to the heart of the issue); and maintain formal and informal channels of communication.
Giving feedback means you set clear expectations, bring important issues to the table in a way that helps others “hear” them, show an openness to facing difficult topics and sources of conflict, deal with problems and difficult people directly and frankly, provide timely criticism when needed, and provide feedback messages that are clear and unambiguous.
Mentoring others means you invest the time to understand the career aspirations of your direct reports, work with direct reports to create engaging mentoring plans, support staff in developing their skills, support career development in a nonpossessive way (e.g., will support staff moving up and out as necessary for their advancement), find stretch assignments and other delegation opportunities that support skill development, and role model professional development by advancing your own skills.
Developing teams means you select executives who will be strong teams players, actively support the concept of teaming, develop open discourse and encourage healthy debate on important issues, create compelling reasons and incentives for team members to work together, effectively set limits on the political activity that takes place outside the team framework, celebrate successes together as a unit, and commiserate as a group over disappointments.
Energizing staff means you set a personal example of good work ethic and motivation; talk and act enthusiastically and optimistically about the future; enjoy rising to new challenges; take on your work with energy, passion, and drive to finish successfully; help others recognize the importance of their work; are enjoyable to work for; and have a goal-oriented, ambitious, and determined working style.
Generating informal power means you understand the roles of power and influence in organizations; develop compelling arguments or points of view based on a knowledge of others’ priorities; develop and sustain useful networks up, down, and sideways in the organization; develop a reputation as a go-to person; and effectively affect the thoughts and opinions of others, both directly and indirectly, through others.
Building consensus means you frame issues in ways that facilitate clarity from multiple perspectives, keep issues separated from personalities, skillfully use group decision techniques (e.g. Nominal Group Technique), ensure that quieter group members are drawn into discussions, find shared values and common adversaries, and facilitate discussions rather than guide them.
Making decisions effectively means you make decisions based on an optimal mix of ethics, values, goals, facts, alternatives, and judgments; use decision tools (such as force-field analysis, cost-benefit analysis, decision trees, paired comparisons analysis) effectively and at appropriate times; and show a good sense of timing related to decision making.
Driving results means you mobilize people toward greater commitment to a vision, challenge people to set higher standards and goals, keep people focused on achieving goals, give direct and complete feedback that keeps teams and individuals on track, quickly take corrective action as necessary to keep everyone moving forward, show a bias toward action, and proactively work through performance barriers.
Stimulating creativity means you see broadly outside of the typical, are constantly open to new ideas, are effective with creativity group processes (e.g. brainstorming, Nominal Group Technique, scenario building), see future trends and craft responses to them, are knowledgeable in business and societal trends, are aware of how strategies play out in the field, are well read, and make connections between industries and unrelated trends.
Cultivating adaptability means you quickly see the essence of issues and problems, effectively bring clarity to situations of ambiguity, approach work using a variety of leadership styles and techniques, track changing priorities and readily interpret their implications, balance consistency of focus against the ability to adjust course as needed, balance multiple tasks and priorities such that each gets appropriate attention, and work effectively with a broad range of people.
Adapted from Exceptional Leadership by Dye and Garman, Health Administration Press, 2006